36-48 cm (14-19") Fairly common. Dry woodlands.
Chunky crow-sized buteo. Dark brown above; reddish-brown barring below; tail has broad black and white bands.
Immature: is brown above; whitish below with brown streaking; tail less distinctly banded.
In flight; broad wings are white underneath with black border along tip and trailing edge; fan shaped tail.
Hunts from a perch. Migrate in large soaring flocks or "kettles".
Song: high-pitched shrill "pweeeee".