18 cm (7") Fairly common throughout North America. Dense brush in coniferous or mixed woodlands, chaparral.
Large sparrow and highly variable. Some western mountain birds have gray heads and back. Some birds have big thick bills. Most birds have a bright rufous rump and tail that is conspicuous when it flies. Heavy streaking on sides and breast converge into a central breast spot.
Scratches noisily on the ground.
Song: brilliant assortment of clear notes and whistles.