22 cm (9") Abundant. Throughout North America. Migrates from Canada to United States for winter. Breeds in thick vegetation of marshes, brushy swamps, sloughs dry fields; forages in hayfields, orchards, woodlands.
Male: all black bird with a bright red shoulder patch, often bordered with yellow.
Female or immature Male: dark brown above, heavily streaked below. May show a red patch on the wing or shoulder or a pink wash on throat.
Song: "konk-ah-LEEEE!" song; "chack" call.